Korean Language Elementary lesson 4

Part 1

A-->Hello: An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?

B-->Hello: An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?

A-->I am Kim Min Su: jeo-neun Kim Min Su -imnida.

B--> I am Mi NA: jeo-neun Mi Na-imnida.


A-->Nice to meet you: man-na-seo ban-gab-sseumnida

B-->Nice to meet you: man-na-seo ban-gab-sseumnida



Complicated vowels:


ㅐ-->ae Similiar to "ㅔ"
ㅒ-->yae Similiar to "ㅖ"
ㅔ-->e
ㅖ-->ye
ㅘ-->wa
ㅙ-->wae
ㅟ-->wi
ㅢ-->eui
ㅝ-->weo
ㅞ-->we



왕: king /wang/
안녕하세요? Hello / an-nyeong-ha-se-yo/
참외: melon/ cha-moi/

*** "0" in front of vowel is "silent"
아기 --> 아 : "ㅇ " is silent -->silent + ㅏ : 아


참외;
" ㅁ" consonant will take over "silent" o --pronounced as /cha-moi/

A : 풀하우스 노래 가사


why-운명 사랑을 잘 모르겠어
Sarang-eul jal mo-reu-ge-sseo
이렇게 다가올 줄 난 몰랐었어
i-reo-ke da-ga-ol-jul nan molla-sseo-sseo
내 마음조차 그 사람앞에서는 내 뜻대로 안돼
Nae ma-eum-jo-cha geu sa-ram a-pe-seo-neun nae tteu-ttae-ro an-dwae
이럴 줄 알았더라면
i-reol jjul a-ra-tteo-ra-myeon
처음부터 시작하지도 않았어
cheo-eum-bu-teo si-ja-ka-ji-do a-na-sseo바보처럼 이제와서야 난 이미 늦은 후회를 하고 있어
ba-bo-cheo-reom i-je wa-seo-ya nan i-mi neu-jeun hu-hoi-reul ha-go-isseo
니가 사랑이 되지 않기를 빌었어
ni-ga sa-rang-I doi ji an-ki-reul bi-reo-sseo
너만은 절대로 아니기를 빌었어
neo-ma-neun jeol-ttae-ro a-ni-gi-reul bi-reo-sseo넌 사랑이 아닐거라고 수도 없이 나를 속여왔어
neon sa-rang-I a-nil-kkeo-ra-go su-do eob-ssi na-erul so-gyeo-wa-sseo
잠시 스쳐가는 인연이길 바랬어
jam-si seu-chyeo-ga-neun i-nyeo-ni-gil ba-rae-sseo
아픈 상처만 내게 남겨질테니까
a-peun sang-cheo-man nae-ge nam-gyeo-jil-te-ni-kka
하지만 알면서도 너의 모든 것이 욕심이나
ha-ji-man al-myeon-seo-do neo-e mo-deun geo-si yok-ssi-mi-na
잡고 싶어
jab-kko-si-peo-간주중- music잘못된 시작이라고.
Jal-mo-ttoin si-ja-gi-ra-go
그렇게 쉽게 생각 했었는데
Geu-reo-ke swib-kke saeng-ga-ke-sseon-neun-de언제든 부를 수 있을꺼라고 난 믿었었는데
Eon-je-deun bu-reul-ssu i-sseul-kke-ra-go nan mi-deo-sseon-neun-de
어떻게 말해야 할지 어디서 부터가 잘못된 건지
Eo-tteo-ke mal-hae-ya hal-jji eo-di-seo-bu-teo-ga jal-mo-ttoin-geon-ji이사랑을 피해야 하는데
i-sang-eul pi-hae-ya ha-neun de
니 모든게 너무 그리워져
ni mo-deun-ge neo-mu geu-ri-weo-jyeo
니가 사랑이 되지 않기를 빌었어
Ni-ga sarang-I doi-ji an-ki-reul bi-reo-sseo너만은 절대로 아니기를 빌었어
neo-ma-neun jeol-ttae-ro a-ni-gi-reul bi-reo-sseo
넌 사랑이 아닐걸라고 수도 없이 나를 속여왔어
neon sa-rang-I a-nil-kkeo-ra-go su-do eob-ssi na-erul so-gyeo-wa-sseo
잠시 스쳐가는 인연이길 바랬어
jam-si seu-chyeo-ga-neun i-nyeo-ni-gil ba-rae-sseo
아픈 상처만 내게 남겨질테니까
a-peun sang-cheo-man nae-ge nam-gyeo-jil-te-ni-kka
하지만 알면서도 너의 모든 것이 욕심이나 ha-ji-man al-myeon-seo-do neo-e mo-deun geo-si yok-ssi-mi-na 이젠 너 아니면 아무의미 없는데
i-jen neo a-ni-myeon a-mu ui-mi eom-neun-de
이제 나도 나를 어쩔수가 없는데 i-je na-do na-reul eo-jjeol-ssu-ga eom-neun-de

너를 지워야만 한다는 사실이 오늘도 날... neo-reul ji-weo-ya-man han-da neun sa-si-ri o-neul-do nal
더 힘들게 해
Deo-him-deul-ge hae

Korean - Elementary , Useful Expressions

Useful Expressions



감사합니다 /gam-sa-ham-ni-da/(= 고맙습니다/go-mab-sseum-ni-da) Thank you.
여보세요? /yeo-bo-se-yo/Hello.
실례합니다./sil-lye-ham-ni-da/ Excuse me!
환영합니다 /hwan-yeong-ham-ni-da/ (welcome to Singapore) or
어서 오세요!/eo-seo o-se-yo/(welcome to our restaurant)
미안합니다. /mi-an-ham-ni-da/(=죄송합니다/joe-song-ham-ni-da/) I am sorry.
안녕히 가세요. “An-nyong-hi ga-se-yo” is Goodbye or farewell. (Literally means “please go in peace”) The person stays behind says to the person leaving.
안녕히 계세요. “An-nyong-hi gye-se-yo” is (“Please stay in peace”)
수고하셨습니다. “su-go-ha-syeo-sseum-ni-da” Worked hard


Nu-gu-im-ni-kka “Who is it”
Eo-di-im-ni-kka “ where is it”



*** ㅂ in front of "ㄴ" is pounounced as "ㅁ"
So, "b" sound becomes "m"

Korean - Elementary , lesson 3

[Lesson 3]

Dictation

가방 /ga-bang/ bag 가족 /ga-jog/ family 고양이 /go-yang-i/ cat
공항 /gong-hang/ airport 교실 /gyo-sil/ classroom 극장 /geug/jjang/ cinema
김치 /gim-chi/ kimchi 남자/nam-ja/ man 남편/nam-pyeon/ husband
눈 /nun/ snow, eye 달/dal/ moon 라면/ra-myeon/ instant needle
목 /mog/ neck 몸/mom/ body 문 /mun/ door
물 /mul/ water 바람 /ba-ram/ wind 발 /bal/ foot

Review last lesson.

A: 안녕하세요? 저는 소라입니다./an-nyeong-ha-se-yo/ /jeo-neun Sora-imnida/
B: 안녕하세요? 저는 민수입니다./an-nyeong-ha-se-yo/ /jeo-neun Minsu-imnida/

A: 어디에서 왔어요?/eo-di-e-seo wa-sseo-yo/
B: 싱가포르에서 왔어요./Singaore-e-seo wa-sseo-yo/

A: 만나서 반갑습니다. /man-na-seo ban-gab-sseum-nida/
B: 만나서 반갑습니다./man-na-seo ban-gab-sseum-nida/



A: 이것은 무엇입니까?/ i-seo-seun mu-sim-ni-kka/
B: 그것은 가방입니다./ geu geo-seun ga-bang-imnida/

A: 이것은 무엇입니까?/ i-seo-seun mu-sim-ni-kka/
B: 그것은 돈입니다./ geu geo-seun don-imnida/

*** 무엇 means “ what”—short form is “뭐”

[Lesson 3]


여기가 학생 식당입니다 (without English pronunciation)

Pattern: 여기가 _______입니다. 어디 _____입니까?
정은: 여기가 학교입니다
여기가 도서관입니다.
여기가 교실입니다

빌리: 저기가 어디입니까?

정은: 학생식당입니다.

빌리: 저기가 어디입니까?

정은: 우체국입니다.

빌리: 저기가 어디입니까?

정은: 운동장입니다.

여기 /yeo-gi/ "here" 저기 /jeo-gi/ " over there" 우체국/u-che-gug/ "post office"
도서관 /do-seo-gwan/" library" 교실/gyo-sil/ " classroom" 학생식당/hag-ssaeng sig-dang/" school canteen"

· Grammar Practice
명사 +이/가 : 이/가 is subject marker to show the noun is subject of the sentence.
이 comes after noun ends with a consonant
가 comes after noun ends with a vowel
은/는 will be introduced in net lesson. 은/는 is used more for emphasizing the topic.

· Pronunciation
관= ㄱ + ㅘ+ㄴ ㅘ = wa 관 [gwan]
Ex; 관광 [gwan gwang] means tour 왕 [wang] means king
대사관 [dae-sa-gwan] means embassy

대 = ㄷ + ㅐ "ㅐ" is pronounced as "Ae" and quite close to "e" sound /dae/


체= ㅊ + ㅔ "ㅔ" is pronounced as "e" /che/

뭐=ㅁ + ㅜ + ㅓ "ㅝ" is pronounced as "weo" /mweo/

Practice using 여기가 어디입니까? _____입니다.
A: 여기가 어디입니까?
B: _______입니다.

A: 여기가 어디입니까?
B: _______입니다.

A: 여기가 어디입니까?
B: _______입니다.

A: 여기가 어디입니까?
B: _______입니다.


· Exercise
Please fill in the blank with subject marker
1) 선생님 ( 이) 누구입니까?
2) 운동장 ( 이) 어디입니까?
3) 이름 ( 이) 뭐예요?
4) 저기 ( 가) 우체국입니다.
5) 여기 ( 가) 은행입니다.
6) 학생식당 (이 ) 어디입니까?



Homework
Find out the places in Seoul and write in Korean.

Korean Language Elementary lesson 2

[Korean language Lesson 2]


Review last lesson



가 갸 거 겨 고 교 구 규 그 기
ga gya geo gyeo go gyo gu gyu geu gi

나 냐 너 녀 노 뇨 누 뉴 느 니
na nya neo nyeo no nyo nu nyu neu ni

다 댜 더 뎌 도 됴 두 듀 드 디
da dya deo dyeo do dyo du dyu deu di

라 랴 러 려 로 료 루 류 르 리
ra rya reo ryeo ro ryo ru dyu reu ri

마 먀 머 며 모 묘 무 뮤 므 미
ma mya meo myeo mo myo mu myu meu mi

바 뱌 버 벼 보 뵤 부 뷰 브 비
ba bya beo byeo bo byo bu byu beu bi

사 샤 서 셔 소 쇼 수 슈 스 시
sa sya seo syeo so syo su syu seu si

아 야 어 여 오 요 우 유 으 이

자 쟈 저 져 조 죠 주 쥬 즈 지
ja jya jeo jyeo jo jyo ju jyu jeu ji

차 챠 처 쳐 초 쵸 추 츄 츠 치
cha chya cheo chyeo cho chyo chu chyu cheu chi

카 캬 커 켜 코 쿄 쿠 큐 크 키
ka kya keo kyeo ko kyo ku kyu keu ki

파 퍄 퍼 펴 포 표 푸 퓨 프 피
pa pya peo pyeo po pyo pu pyu peu pi

하 햐 허 혀 호 효 후 휴 흐 히
ha hya heo hyeo ho hyo hu hyu heu hi

· Reading Hangeul
아버지 /a-beo-ji/father 어머니/eo-meo-ni/ mother 야구/ya-gu/ baseball 여자 /yeo-ja/woman
우표 /u-pyo/stamp 구두/gu-du/ shoes 기차/gi-cha/ train 바지 /ba-ji/pants
나무 /na-mu/tree 모자/mo-ja/ hat 바다 /ba-da/sea 소/so/ cow
차/cha/car 코/ko/ nose 포도/po-do/ grape 비누/bi-nu/ soap

Everyone will say hello to each other like first meeting
A: 안녕하세요? 저는 메리입니다. /an-nyong-ha-se-yo, jeo-neun Mary-imnida/
B: 안녕하세요? 저는 실비아입니다. /an-nyong-ha-se-yo, jeo-neun Silvia-imnida/

A: 만나서 반갑습니다. /man-na-seo ban-gab-sseumnida/
B: 만나서 반갑습니다. /man-na-seo ban-gab-sseumnida/


Greeting 2 (without English pronunciation)

Pattern: 안녕하세요? 저는 _______입니다.
성호: 안녕하세요? 저는 미나입니다. 이름이 뭐예요? /an-nyong-ha-se-yo, jeo-neun Mina-imnida/ /i-reumi mweo-ye-yo/

빌리: 안녕하세요? 제 이름은 미리입니다.
/an-nyong-ha-se-yo, jeo-neun Miri-imnida/

성호: 어디에서 왔어요? /eo-di-e-seo wa-sseo-yo/

빌리: 미국에서 왔어요. /mi-gu-ge-seo wa-sseo-yo/

성호: 만나서 반갑습니다. /man-na-seo ban-gab-sseumnida

빌리: 네, 반갑습니다. /ne/ /man-na-seo ban-gab-sseumnida

· Pronunciation

*** ㅂ in front of "ㄴ" is pounounced as "ㅁ"
So, "b" sound becomes "m"

안녕하세요—> 세 [se] “ㅔ”
뭐예요? Means what ㅜ + ㅓ =ㅝ [mweo-ye-yo]

· Grammar Practice

Im-ni-da (~입니다)
It is formal polite style and used after noun.

ex)
This is newspaper. “i-geo-seun sin-mun-im-ni-da”
This is water. “i-geo-seun mur-im-ni-da”
This is coffee. “i-geo-seun keo-pi-im-ni-da”

Im-ni-kka (~입니까?)
It is used for interrogative sentence.

~예요/ 이에요
It is informal polite form which is more often used than 입니다
~예요 is attached to noun ends with vowel
~이에요 is attached to noun ends with consonant
Same pattern is used for interrogative sentence.

Ex;

Coffee: Coffee yeyo
water: Mur ieyo
Is it coffee: Coffee ye yo?
Is it water: Mur ieyo?

pattern
~에서 왔어요. Means “come from ~”
Ex; I am from Korea. 한국에서 왔어요.

이/그/저 (i/geu/jeo) -means ‘this, that near listener, that far away from both
사람 (saram) means “person”
한국 (han kug) means “Korea”
친구 (chin-gu) means ‘friend”



A: 이것은 커피입니까?
B: 아니요. 그것은 신문입니다.

A: 이것은 무엇입니까?
B: 그것은 잡지입니다.

이것 means “this thing” near speaker 은 is subject marker after consonant
그것 means “that thing” near listener
저것 means “that thing” far away from both speaker and listener
아니요 means “No” 예 (Yes)

Note:
~에서 왔어요. Means “come from ~”
Ex; I am from Korea. 한국에서 왔어요.


Practice reading Hangeul
가방 bag 가족 family 고양이 cat
공항 airport 교실 classroom 극장 cinema
김치 kimchi 남자 man 남편 husband
눈 snow, eye 달 moon 라면 instant needle
목 neck 몸 body 문 door
물 water 바람 wind 발 foot


Homework– To memorize the vocabularies below for dictation

가방 bag 가족 family 고양이 cat
공항 airport 교실 classroom 극장 cinema
김치 kimchi 남자 man 남편 husband
눈 snow, eye 달 moon 라면 instant needle
목 neck 몸 body 문 door
물 water 바람 wind 발 foot

Korean Language Elementary lesson 1

[Korean Language-Lesson 1]

What is a good way to learn Korean

Learning Korean needs time and patience.
Best way of learning and mastering the language is to spend at least 30 minutes to read Korean article or story with help of dictionary. Acquiring more vocabularies a weapon to learn language. If you cannot study by yourself, it is necessary to have private tutor. Customised lesson according to your need will help you to learn Korean faster. To learn language, having strong basic foundation like recognising Hangeul (Korean alphabet), understanding grammars and speech style is important. Some may want to learn only speaking without learning reading and writing. In that way, they might be able to speak some words faster, but when the time passes, it won't last long. Knowledge without good foundation is not lasting. However, once you learn all the necessary alphabets and grammars, you will be able to study by yourself. With all the right knowledge, you will be able to see Korean dramas and even newspaper with help of the dictionaries.

Sounds great!


In this first lesson, many unfamiliar grammars will be seen, but they are just for you to memorize for now. More detailed explanation for grammar will be done once you reach that level. In this lesson, only noun polite form “imnida” will be further studied.
[Lesson 1]


Greeting 1 (with English pronunciation)

Korean (pronunciation) English
Mary: /An-nyeong-ha-se-yo?/ Hello.

Bryan: /An-nyeong-ha-se-yo? / Hello.

Mary: /i sa-ra-meun chin-gu-im-ni-da/ This is my friend.

Song: /Man-na-seo Ban-gab-sseum-ni-da/ Nice to meet you.
/Je i-reu-meun Song-im-ni-da./ My name is Song.

Bryan: /Man-na-seo Ban-gab-sseum-ni-da/ Nice to meet you.
/Je i-ru-meun Bryan-im-ni-da/ My name is Bryan.

Bryan: /Dang-si-neun Han-gug Sa-ram-imnikka/ Are you Korean?


Song: /Ne, Jeo-neun han-gug-sa-ram-im-ni-da/ Yes. I am Korean.

Vocabulary;

이/그/저 (i/geu/jeo) -means ‘this, that near listener, that far away from both,사람 (saram) means “person” 한국 (han kug) means “Korea” 친구 (chin-gu) means ‘friend”

Phrase Note
Note 1. An-nyeong-ha-se-yo (meaning is " Are you in peace?)
It is an informal greeting which may be used at any time of day and in any situation. It is interchangeable with “An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka” without any difference in meaning. “An-nyeong-ha-sim-ni-kka” is a formal greeting.
The English equivalent of this expression is “how are you?”, “Good morning”, “Good afternoon”, “Good evening’.


Additional Useful Expressions
“Kam-sa-ham-ni-da” & “Go-mab-sseumnida” are used as a courtious expression of gratitude or appreciation.
“Mi-an-hamnida” is used when one needs apologize “ sorry”
“Cheon-ma-ne-yo” is used as a formal reply to apologies, thanks and respectful recognition.

“An-nyeong-hi ga-se-yo” is Goodbye or farewell. (Literally means “please go in peace”) The person stays behind says to the person leaving.
“An-nyeong-hi gye-se-yo” is (“Please stay in peace”)

Grammar Practice

~Im-ni-da (~입니다)
It is formal polite style and used after noun.


The pattern for sentences ending in 이다 Is from “A is B”

noun + subject particle+ noun +VS이 + verb ending.
이것 이 신문 (이 +ㅂ니다)입니다.

In any case, the noun preceding 이다 --ends in a vowel
So, it will take verb polite form of +ㅂ니다--> 입니다

Interrogative form of 입니다 is 입니까.

Noun + ㅂ니다. Noun+ 입니까?


Ex: It’s coffee. 커피입니다.
Is it coffee? 커피입니까?
ex)
It's newspaper. “sin-mun-im-ni-da”
It's water. “ mur-im-ni-da”
It's coffee. “i-geo-seun keo-pi-im-ni-da”

~Im-ni-kka (~입니까?)
It is used for interrogative sentence.
Is it newspaper. “sin-mun-im-ni-kka”
Is it water. “ mur-im-ni-kka"
Is it coffee. “i-geo-seun keo-pi-im-ni-kka”



· 인사예절 (Greeting Etiquette)
Korea is a country where greeting someone is done in many ways. When meeting an elder person, you must use more formal style of speech, and must bow courteously. When greeting someone, you should bend down a little and bow your head. To an elder person you would say, “안녕하세요? / 안녕하십니까?” , whereas among friends you would say, 안녕?/ 잘 있었니?. When you visit to an elderly person’s house, it is polite to give a big bow, when arriving.

Dialogue
안녕하세요? [an-nyeong-haseyo]
안녕하세요? 저는 금원 입니다. [an-nyeong-ha-se-yo, jeo-neun Keum Weon im-ni-da]
저는 Mina입니다. [jeo-neun Mina im-ni-da]
고맙습니다. [go-mab-sseum-ni-da]
어, 죄송합니다. [eo, joe-song-ham-ni-da]


안녕하세요? [an-nyeong-haseyo]
이름이 뭐예요? [i-reu-mi meo-ye-yo]
안녕하세요? 제 이름은 Mina입니다. [an-nyeong-haseyo, je i-reu-meun Mina im-ni-da]
어디에서 왔어요. [eo-di-e-seo wa-sseo-yo]
저는 일본에서 왔습니다. [jeo-enun il-bo-ne-seo wa-sseum-ni-da]
만나서 반갑습니다. [man-na-seo ban-gab-sseum-ni-da]
네, 반갑습니다. [ne, ban-gab-sseum-ni-da]



1. Korean Vowels and Consonants

Hangeul consists of 40 letters (21 vowels and 19 consonants). However, in the beginning, only 10 basic vowels and 14 consonants will be learnt as they are basic letters). - 10 vowels are as follows

ㅏ —> equivalent to English sound of “a”
ㅑ —> equivalent to English sound of “ya”
ㅓ —> equivalent to English sound of “eo”
ㅕ —> equivalent to English sound of “yeo”
ㅗ —> equivalent to English sound of “o”
ㅛ —> equivalent to English sound of “yo”
ㅜ —> equivalent to English sound of “u”
ㅠ —> equivalent to English sound of “yu”
ㅡ —> equivalent to English sound of “eu”
ㅣ —> equivalent to English sound of “I”


· Please repeat after me
ㅏ
ㅑ
ㅓ
ㅕ
ㅗ
ㅛ
ㅜ
ㅠ
ㅡ
ㅣ


· Please write on work sheet referring to the sample paper (left to right / top to bottom)

14 Consonants are as follows

ㄱ —> Gi-yeok (G is softer than K) - when it forms the syllable with vowel, it
will be sound like “G” ex: ㄱ + ㅏ = 가 g + a = ga
ㄴ —> Ni-eun when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “n”
ㄷ —> Di-geut when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “d”
ㄹ —> Ri-eul when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “r”
ㅁ —> Mi-eum when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “m”
ㅂ —> Bi-eub when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “b”
ㅅ —> Si-Ot when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “sh”


ㅇ —> I-eung when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “ng”
when it comes in front of vowel, it becomes silent
Ex: 아 = a in stead of “nga”
ㅈ —> Ji-eut when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “j”
ㅊ —> Chi-eut when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “ch’
ㅋ —> Ki-euk when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “k”
ㅌ —> Ti-eut when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “t”
ㅍ —> Pi-eub when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “p”
ㅎ —> Hi-eut when it forms the syllable with vowel, it will be sound like “h”


Please study consonants (Write and write on square sheet or excel sheet-left to right / top to bottom with first come first basis)
ㄱ
ㄴ
ㄷ
ㄹ
ㅁ
ㅂ
ㅅ
ㅇ
ㅈ
ㅊ
ㅋ
ㅌ
ㅍ
ㅎ




Please write on work sheet referring to the sample paper (left to right/ top to bottom)


2. How to write Hangeul

All letters of Hangeul are written from top to bottom and from left to right.
First comes first applies to all by priority.


Consonant comes first followed by vowel
1) Consonant + vowel Ex: 가
2) Consonant + vowel + consonant Ex; 감
3) Silent (“o”) +vowel Ex: 아
4) Silent (“o”) + vowel + consonant Ex: 안


· Reading practice

가 갸 거 겨 고 교 구 규 그 기

나 냐 너 녀 노 뇨 누 뉴 느 니

다 댜 더 뎌 도 됴 두 듀 드 디

라 랴 러 려 로 료 루 류 르 리

마 먀 머 며 모 묘 무 뮤 므 미

바 뱌 버 벼 보 뵤 부 뷰 브 비

사 샤 서 셔 소 쇼 수 슈 스 시

아 야 어 여 오 요 우 유 으 이

자 쟈 저 져 조 죠 주 쥬 즈 지

차 챠 처 쳐 초 쵸 추 츄 츠 치

카 캬 커 켜 코 쿄 쿠 큐 크 키

파 퍄 퍼 펴 포 표 푸 퓨 프 피

하 햐 허 혀 호 효 후 휴 흐 히